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Community engagement, personal responsibility and self help in cuba's health system reform
Luis,Isabel P.; Martínez,Silvia; Alvarez,Adolfo;
MEDICC Review , 2012, DOI: 10.1590/S1555-79602012000400010
Abstract: in 2011 the cuban health system began a process of sectoral reform to maintain and improve the health of cuba's population, in response to new challenges and demands in the health sector and population health status. the main actions involved are reorganization, consolidation and regionalization of services and resources. although community engagement and personal responsibility are not explicitly mentioned in the strategy document, it is advisable to use this opportunity to revitalize both topics and encourage appropriate and full incorporation into the cuban health system. both are consistent with the objectives and actions of system reforms proposed, in that they allow the various social actors to assume shared responsibility in working toward social goals-in this case, health gains. this approach also recognizes that reaching such goals is a collective endeavor, to be pursued according to ethical principles (beneficence as responsibility and justice as solidarity), with community involvement and personal responsibility emerging as two important factors subject to reorientation in the context of the health system reform under way.
Community engagement, personal responsibility and self help in cuba's health system reform
Isabel P. Luis,Silvia Martínez,Adolfo Alvarez
MEDICC Review , 2012,
Abstract: In 2011 the Cuban health system began a process of sectoral reform to maintain and improve the health of Cuba's population, in response to new challenges and demands in the health sector and population health status. The main actions involved are reorganization, consolidation and regionalization of services and resources. Although community engagement and personal responsibility are not explicitly mentioned in the strategy document, it is advisable to use this opportunity to revitalize both topics and encourage appropriate and full incorporation into the Cuban health system. Both are consistent with the objectives and actions of system reforms proposed, in that they allow the various social actors to assume shared responsibility in working toward social goals-in this case, health gains. This approach also recognizes that reaching such goals is a collective endeavor, to be pursued according to ethical principles (beneficence as responsibility and justice as solidarity), with community involvement and personal responsibility emerging as two important factors subject to reorientation in the context of the health system reform under way.
Evolución del estado nutricional en pacientes incidentes en diálisis peritoneal valorado mediante datos antropométricos, analíticos y bioimpedancia
Isabel Montesinos Navarro,Nemesio Manuel Martínez Martínez,Cristina Pérez Jiménez,Encarnación Bellón Pérez
Enfermería Nefrológica , 2012,
Abstract:
Test de equilibrio peritoneal: se pueden optimizar las extracciones analíticas?
Encarnación Bellón Pérez,Nemesio Manuel Martínez Martínez,Cristina Pérez Jiménez,Isabel Montesinos Navarro
Enfermería Nefrológica , 2012,
Abstract:
Prevalencia de bacterias potencialmente patógenas en la nasofaringe de ni os sanos de un círculo infantil de Ciudad de La Habana Prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in nasopharynx of healthy children attending a day care center in Havana City
Isabel Villasusa Páez,Isabel Martínez Motas,Niurka álvarez García,Mayelín Mirabal Sosa
Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical , 2006,
Abstract: Se realizó durante el primer semestre de 2001, un estudio transversal descriptivo de portadores en ni os sanos de un círculo infantil de Ciudad de La Habana, con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia de bacterias potencialmente patógenas y su relación con posibles factores de riesgo asociados. En el dise o se tuvieron en cuenta las exigencias bioéticas regulatorias nacionales e internacionales. Se tomó exudado a 160 ni os de la nasofaringe posterior, la muestra se sembró directamente en agar cerebro corazón más sangre de carnero desfibrinada y agar cerebro corazón más NAD, hemina y bacitracina; se incubó 18-24 h. La identificación de los aislamientos obtenidos se realizó por técnicas convencionales y el sistema API NH. Predominó el grupo de ni os de 3-4 a os de edad y sexo masculino. Se detectó un porcentaje elevado de portadores y entre estos, Haemohilus se aisló en 92,50 %, correspondiendo a Haemophilus influenzae 54,72 %. Otros patógenos observados fueron: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus β-hemolítico, Staphylococcus aureus y Moraxella catarrhalis. Existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa cuando se compararon portadores y no portadores de S. pneumoniae en los menores de 2 a os. Se pudieron conocer los patrones de colonización de bacterias potencialmente patógenas en ni os de un círculo infantil de Ciudad de La Habana. During the first six-month period of 2001, a descriptive cross-sectional study of carriage in healthy children attending a day-care center in Havana City was performed. The objective was to find out the prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and its association with possible risk factors. The design took into account the international and domestic regulatory bioethical requirements. Swabs of posterior nasopharynx of 160 children were directly cultured in brain heart agar plus sheep blood and in brain heart agar plus NAD, hemine and bacitracin and incubated for 18-24 h. Resulting isolates were identified using conventional techniques and the API NH system. Male children aged 3-4 years were predominant. A high percentage of nasopharyngeal carriage was detected; Haemophilus was isolated in 92.50% of cases, being Haemophilus influenzae present in 54.72% of children. Other pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, β-hemolythic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing S. pneumoniae carriage and non-carriage in less than 2 years-old children. The colonizing patterns of potentially pathogenic bacteria were disclosed in children attend
Rese as informativas
Pérez, Teresa,Cabello Benítez, Juan Manuel,Arenas Frutos, Isabel,Martínez Ortega, Ana Isabel
Anuario de Estudios Americanos , 1996,
Abstract:
Utility of C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin for Detecting Bloodstream Infection in Patients with HIV/AIDS  [PDF]
Arianna Castillo Marshall, Tersilia García Castellanos, Isabel Martínez Motas, Daniel Salazar Rodriguez, María Eugenia Toledo Romaní, Jorge Pérez ávila
World Journal of AIDS (WJA) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/wja.2014.43033
Abstract:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons, are at high risk for developing a bloodstream infection. In order to evaluate the usefulness of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PTC) in the detection of bloodstream infection in HIV, a case-control study was conducted from February to December 2012. PCT and CPR levels were measured in 2 groups. PCT concentrations were measured by the VIDAS® Brahms PCT assay, and CRP concentrations were determined by CRP latex. Values were calculated for both biomarkers and discriminative ability of PCT and CRP was analyzed using ROC curves. There were no significant differences between the study group and the control groups with respect to CRP levels. However, they were much higher PCT levels in patients with bacteremia. PCT showed greater discriminating ability compared to CRP, and proved to be a valuable tool for the detection of systemic bacterial infections in HIV infected patients.

Colonización faríngea por bacterias potencialmente patógenas en ni os sanos de una escuela primaria Nasopharyngeal colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria found in healthy children from an elementary school
Yadira Fuentes Páez,Isabel Martínez Motas,Gustavo Sierra González,Luis Izquierdo Pérez
Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical , 2009,
Abstract: INTRODUCCIóN: la nasofaringe humana es un reservorio natural de bacterias potencialmente patógenas, agentes etiológicos importantes de infecciones comunes que afectan a todas las edades, en particular a la población infantil. OBJETIVO: conocer la prevalencia de estos patógenos potenciales en ni os sanos. MéTODOS: tomando en cuenta las exigencias bioéticas establecidas para este tipo de estudio, en el a o 2002 se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo de portadores en 318 estudiantes de una escuela primaria de La Habana. A los escolares se les tomó un exudado de la faringe y los padres respondieron un cuestionario donde se indagó sobre factores de riesgo que influyen en el estado del portador (edad, sexo, hacinamiento, condición de fumador pasivo, antecedente de enfermedad respiratoria infecciosa o alérgica). La muestra se tomó en la escuela, se sembró directo en los medios de cultivo y las bacterias aisladas se identificaron por métodos convencionales y el sistema API NH. RESULTADOS: el porcentaje de portadores de bacterias potencialmente patógenas fue elevado (55 %), prevalecieron: Staphylococcus aureus (33,6 %), estreptococos b-hemolíticos (17,3 %) y Streptococcus pneumoniae (11,6 %). Dentro de los estreptococos b-hemolíticos predominó el grupo G (49 %), seguidos del A y C con 18,2 % de portadores en cada grupo. La edad fue un factor de riesgo significativo (p< 0,05), con porcentajes de portadores más elevados en los ni os de 10 (60 %), 11 (75,5 %) y 12 a os (77,3 %). Existió resultado estadísticamente significativo entre los portadores de meningococo y el hacinamiento (p= 0,043). Predominó la asociación de S. aureus más estreptococos b-hemolíticos (27,9 %), sobre todo en los ni os alérgicos (p< 0,05). Neisseria lactamica se aisló en 29,6 % e impidió la colonización por N. meningitidis (p= 0,0004). CONCLUSIONES: esta investigación posibilitó conocer los patrones de colonización de bacterias potencialmente patógenas en la faringe de ni os sanos y su asociación con los factores de riesgo investigados. INTRODUCTION: human nasopharynx is a natural reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacteria which are important etiological agents of common infections that affect all age groups, particularly the child population. OBJECTIVE: finding out the prevelance of these potential pathogens in healthy children. METHODS: Taking into account the bioethical requirement set for these kind of study in 2002, a descriptive cross-sectional study of carriers was performed on 318 pupils from an elementary school in Havana. Samples from their pharynx were taken for testing an
Necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en escolares. Aplicación del índice DAI
Alemán Estévez,María Gudelia; Martínez Brito,Isabel; Pérez Lauzurique,Aleida;
Revista M？？dica Electr？3nica , 2011,
Abstract: the dental malocclusions are occlusal alterations or disorders that are subject of important aesthetic, ethnic and cultural conditionings, making it difficult its definition and classification. an early diagnosis and a successful treatment of the malocclusions may have benefits in a short term. this research was made in a sample of 450 students aged 8 and 9 years, 232 in the 8-years-old group, for the 51,6 %, and 218 in the 9-years-old group, representing the 48,4 %. with the purpose of determining the orthodontic treatment necessity, we carried out a cross-sectional, descriptive study, applying the dental esthetic index of the orthodontic treatment necessity, and determining that 32,9 % of the students had a slight malocclusion or normal occlusion, 24, 4 % a defined malocclusion, 16,0 % a serious malocclusion and 26,7 % a very serious malocclusion. we determined the high prevalence of treatment necessity in the studied ages.
índice de estética dental y criterio profesional para determinar la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico
Alemán Estévez,María Gudelia; Martínez Brito,Isabel; Pérez Lauzurique,Aleida;
Revista M？？dica Electr？3nica , 2011,
Abstract: the dental malocclusion used to be the final product of several events in the human being growing up and development leaving prints in the oral-facial deformity; it is an entity increasing its prevalence and incidence, becoming a health problem. the purpose of this work was determining the necessity of the orthodontic treatment applying the dental aesthetic index, and comparing it with the criteria of the professional. the sample of the study was formed by 450 students aged 8-9 years from the heath area milanés, matanzas. we carried out a cross-sectional, descriptive study, determining the necessity of the orthodontic study altogether with the criteria of the professional, stating that 37,1 % of the patients who need treatment might be attended by the general integral stomatologist who may take preventive and interceptive measures, avoiding the malocclusions worsening. the biggest discrepancy found between the index and the criteria of the professional was in the category slight malocclusion where the specialist concluded that 48,6 % of the patients do not need treatment and the index established 32,9 %.
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